What is a Baker's Cyst?

A Baker’s Cyst (otherwise known as a Popliteal Cyst, due to its anatomical position) is a collection of fluid at the back of the knee. These cysts can sometimes cause pain in the posterior knee, but can also be asymptomatic. The presence of a popliteal cyst is very rarely a primary condition, but rather indicates a potential pathology affecting the knee joint.

The popliteal fossa is the area behind the knee, between the femur and the tibia. A number of important blood vessels and nerves run relatively superficially through this area. Muscles such as the hamstrings and gastrocnemius (calf muscles), and their tendons also cross through the same area.

Deeper than this fossa is the capsule of the knee joint itself, a thick connective tissue sack that encapsulates the articular surfaces of the knee. Due to weaknesses in the posterior knee capsule, any fluid build-up in the knee is more likely to push on the back of the capsule, and if enough fluid is present, extend into the popliteal fossa, causing a Baker’s cyst.

A Baker’s cyst is a secondary condition, and is often the result of swelling and inflammation caused by conditions such as; osteoarthritis, ACL or meniscus tears,.

What are the Signs and Symptoms of a Baker’s Cyst?

+ Posterior knee pain, often worsened by bending of the knee

+ A palpable mass or swelling behind the knee

+ Reduced knee range of motion

+ Posterior pain that is worsened with activity

+ A sensation of stiffness in the popliteal region

What is the Treatment of a Baker's Cyst?

What is the treatment of a bakers cyst? A Baker’s Cyst is an indication that a pathology exists within the knee joint itself. Therefore, treatment for a popliteal cyst should involve treating the underlying condition that caused the cyst in the first place.

Your physiotherapist will assist you in managing a Baker’s Cyst by educating you on movements or activities that you should avoid, as well as providing you with an exercise program to strengthen the muscular structures surrounding the knee and improve your range of motion. In most cases, they will also be able to help you conservatively manage the underlying condition that caused the cyst to form initially.

In terms of medical management, your general practitioner may opt to drain the cyst to relieve your symptoms. This can result in short term relief, but in most cases the cyst will return.